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Solar eclipse of January 5, 1954

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Solar eclipse of January 5, 1954
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.9296
Magnitude0.972
Maximum eclipse
Duration102 s (1 min 42 s)
Coordinates79°06′S 120°48′W / 79.1°S 120.8°W / -79.1; -120.8
Max. width of band278 km (173 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse2:32:01
References
Saros121 (57 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9407

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, January 5, 1954,[1] with a magnitude of 0.972. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 7.5 days after apogee (on December 28, 1953, at 15:10 UTC) and 5.3 days before perigee (on January 10, 1954, at 9:40 UTC).[2]

Annularity was visible from a part of Antarctica. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica and Oceania.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

January 5, 1954 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1954 January 05 at 00:14:31.4 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1954 January 05 at 01:49:19.1 UTC
First Central Line 1954 January 05 at 01:52:10.6 UTC
Greatest Duration 1954 January 05 at 01:52:10.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1954 January 05 at 01:55:13.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1954 January 05 at 02:10:41.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1954 January 05 at 02:21:50.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1954 January 05 at 02:32:00.6 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1954 January 05 at 03:09:05.0 UTC
Last Central Line 1954 January 05 at 03:12:04.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1954 January 05 at 03:14:52.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1954 January 05 at 04:49:32.8 UTC
January 5, 1954 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.97203
Eclipse Obscuration 0.94484
Gamma −0.92960
Sun Right Ascension 19h01m47.3s
Sun Declination -22°41'10.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'15.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 19h02m34.8s
Moon Declination -23°33'33.5"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'43.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°57'42.6"
ΔT 30.7 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January 1954
January 5
Ascending node (new moon)
January 19
Descending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133
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Eclipses in 1954

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 121

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1953–1956

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipses on February 14, 1953 and August 9, 1953 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1953 to 1956
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
116 July 11, 1953

Partial
1.4388 121 January 5, 1954

Annular
−0.9296
126 June 30, 1954

Total
0.6135 131 December 25, 1954

Annular
−0.2576
136 June 20, 1955

Total
−0.1528 141 December 14, 1955

Annular
0.4266
146 June 8, 1956

Total
−0.8934 151 December 2, 1956

Partial
1.0923

Saros 121

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 121, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 25, 944 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 10, 1070 through October 9, 1809; hybrid eclipses on October 20, 1827 and October 30, 1845; and annular eclipses from November 11, 1863 through February 28, 2044. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 7, 2206. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 6 minutes, 20 seconds on June 21, 1629, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on February 28, 2044. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 49–70 occur between 1801 and 2200:
49 50 51

October 9, 1809

October 20, 1827

October 30, 1845
52 53 54

November 11, 1863

November 21, 1881

December 3, 1899
55 56 57

December 14, 1917

December 25, 1935

January 5, 1954
58 59 60

January 16, 1972

January 26, 1990

February 7, 2008
61 62 63

February 17, 2026

February 28, 2044

March 11, 2062
64 65 66

March 21, 2080

April 1, 2098

April 13, 2116
67 68 69

April 24, 2134

May 4, 2152

May 16, 2170
70

May 26, 2188

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018
January 4–5 October 23–24 August 10–12 May 30–31 March 18–19
111 113 115 117 119

January 5, 1935

August 12, 1942

May 30, 1946

March 18, 1950
121 123 125 127 129

January 5, 1954

October 23, 1957

August 11, 1961

May 30, 1965

March 18, 1969
131 133 135 137 139

January 4, 1973

October 23, 1976

August 10, 1980

May 30, 1984

March 18, 1988
141 143 145 147 149

January 4, 1992

October 24, 1995

August 11, 1999

May 31, 2003

March 19, 2007
151 153 155

January 4, 2011

October 23, 2014

August 11, 2018

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 14, 1801
(Saros 107)

February 12, 1812
(Saros 108)

January 12, 1823
(Saros 109)

November 10, 1844
(Saros 111)

August 9, 1877
(Saros 114)

July 9, 1888
(Saros 115)

June 8, 1899
(Saros 116)

May 9, 1910
(Saros 117)

April 8, 1921
(Saros 118)

March 7, 1932
(Saros 119)

February 4, 1943
(Saros 120)

January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)

December 4, 1964
(Saros 122)

November 3, 1975
(Saros 123)

October 3, 1986
(Saros 124)

September 2, 1997
(Saros 125)

August 1, 2008
(Saros 126)

July 2, 2019
(Saros 127)

June 1, 2030
(Saros 128)

April 30, 2041
(Saros 129)

March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)

February 28, 2063
(Saros 131)

January 27, 2074
(Saros 132)

December 27, 2084
(Saros 133)

November 27, 2095
(Saros 134)

October 26, 2106
(Saros 135)

September 26, 2117
(Saros 136)

August 25, 2128
(Saros 137)

July 25, 2139
(Saros 138)

June 25, 2150
(Saros 139)

May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)

April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)

March 23, 2183
(Saros 142)

February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)

March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)

March 6, 1867
(Saros 118)

February 13, 1896
(Saros 119)

January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)

January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)

December 15, 1982
(Saros 122)

November 25, 2011
(Saros 123)

November 4, 2040
(Saros 124)

October 15, 2069
(Saros 125)

September 25, 2098
(Saros 126)

September 6, 2127
(Saros 127)

August 16, 2156
(Saros 128)

July 26, 2185
(Saros 129)

Notes

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  1. ^ "January 5, 1954 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1954 Jan 05". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 121". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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